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Frequently Asked Questions:

1. What is tartar?
Tartar (or calculus) is yellow or brown crusty, mineralized plaque. It can contribute to gum disease and can be removed only by a dental professional.

2. I've never had a cavity. So why do I need regular checkups?
Dentists check more than decay during exams. They look for early signs of gum disease, oral cancer, and other problems.

3. Are X-rays necessary?
X-rays reveal problems that dentists can't see with the naked eye, such as decay between teeth or damage to the bone caused by gum disease. Early detection of these and other problems can prevent extensive damage and avoid expensive treatments. Your dentist will decide how often you need X-rays and will protect you with leaded aprons that help reduce the radiation to which you're exposed to negligible amounts. If you're pregnant or think you may be, tell your dentist or hygienist. X-rays can possibly be delayed until after the baby is born.

4. What should I do if I chip a tooth or one is knocked out?
If a tooth is chipped, clean the injured tooth with warm water. See your dentist as soon as possible and take any broken pieces; he or she may be able to bond them back onto the tooth. If a tooth is knocked out, pick it up by the crown (or top), not the more delicate root, and rinse it off. Then place the tooth in milk, or wrap it in a damp cloth. If you get to the dentist within a half-hour, there's a 90 percent change that the tooth can be replanted.

5. Will my mouth change as I get older?
Your oral tissues do change as you age. Some common problems:

• Dry mouth. Medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, painkillers, and diuretics can cause dry mouth, which increases your risk of cavities because it reduces the saliva that washes away bacteria. Your dentist may suggest such treatments as artificial saliva or sugar-free candy to stimulate saliva.
• Root caries. Your gums often recede as you age, exposing the root and making root caries (or root decay) more likely. Root caries also can make teeth more sensitive. Your dentist may prescribe fluoride therapy and tell you to avoid sugary foods and drinks.
• Darkening teeth. This is a natural process as you age. Ask your dentist about bleaching, which may be able to lighten teeth.